Depression
Low motivation, loss of interest in activities, sadness, self-doubt, irritability, a negative sense of self, and hopelessness are symptoms of depression. There are several physical symptoms that accompany depression including changes in sleep, appetite, and sometimes even headaches or body aches. Two percent of children, 5-8% of adolescents, and 6.7% of adults struggle with clinical depression. Risk factors for depression include genetics, certain personalities (ie. pessimism or low self-esteem), lifestyle, and chronic exposure to stressors (ie. violence, neglect, abuse or poverty). If you have a first degree relative with depression, there is a 40% chance of heritability. It is thought that some individuals are at risk for developing depression based on the way their body produces and responds to serotonin. Emerging research has found a correlation between gut microbiome and mood disorders. There is also growing evidence to support nutritional differences affecting mood (ie. diets low in Omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin D3, or low in l-methyl-folate).
Although changes in the gut and brain that may contribute to developing depression, episodes are often triggered by stress or loss. Other forms of depression include seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and postpartum depression.
If you have suicidal thoughts, go to your nearest emergency room or call 911 for immediate help.
How is depression treated?
Dr. Mann diagnoses clinical depression based on a careful assessment of symptoms and the level of impairment. The evaluation involves coordinating with your health care team to ensure there are no underlying physical disorders that contributing to depression or worsening your symptoms. The first line of treatment is high quality, evidence-based therapy such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or Relational or Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. When first line treatment is not enough, adding medication and considering lifestyle modification is the next step.
